Which of the following is considered an abiotic factor in pest management?

The correct answer highlights topographic features as an abiotic factor in pest management. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that influence the environment and the organisms that inhabit it. Topographic features, such as elevation, slope, and drainage patterns, can significantly influence the distribution and behavior of pests. For instance, certain pests may thrive in flat areas with specific moisture levels, while others may be limited by steep slopes or poor drainage. These factors can affect pest habitats and their interactions with the environment.

In contrast, the other options present biotic factors or components related to living organisms. Biological interactions with pests and natural pest predators involve living organisms and their relationships with pests, making them biotic factors. Pest population density is also a measure related to living pest organisms and their numbers, and thus it does not fall under abiotic factors. Understanding the role of abiotic factors like topography can aid in effective pest management strategies by considering how the physical characteristics of the environment influence pest dynamics.